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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

重庆发布医美行业自律倡议 医美广告不得制造“容貌焦虑”******

会议现场。重庆市市场监管局供图

　　华龙网-新重庆客户端讯（记者余志斌）不虚假宣传、不诱导消费、不强迫消费，医疗美容广告不得制造“容貌焦虑”……1月11日，重庆市市场监管局、市商务委、市卫生健康委、市税务局等10部门组织召开医疗美容自律指导会，旨在规范医疗美容服务行为，加强行业自律，推动医疗美容、美容美发机构落实主体责任，保护消费者合法权益。

　　会上，重庆市民营医院协会、重庆市医师协会美容与整形医师分会、重庆市美容业协会、重庆市广告协会向全体会员联合发出十六条自律倡议：

　　一、医疗美容机构、美容美发机构、广告企业、执业医师应当诚实守信，依法依规开展经营活动。

　　二、开展医疗美容活动，必须取得《医疗机构执业许可证》或者《诊所备案凭证》，不得无证经营。

　　三、医疗美容机构应当按照核定登记或备案的诊疗科目开展活动，医疗美容项目不得超出核准的项目和级别。

　　四、医疗美容机构不得使用未取得处方权的人员、被取消处方权的医师开具处方，不得使用未取得麻醉药品处方资格的医师开具麻醉药品。

　　五、医疗美容机构对医疗风险应当有清楚明白的告知、提示，不得进行违规手术操作，不得进行独创术式包装。

　　六、医疗美容机构不得擅自开展禁止类技术临床应用，不得将未通过技术评估和伦理审查的医疗新技术应用于临床。

　　七、医疗美容机构从业医师不得伪造、变造、买卖、出租、出借《医师执业证书》。

　　八、医疗美容机构不得聘任、使用非从业医师（未取得《医师资格证书》《医师执业证书》）开展医疗美容服务。

　　九、医疗美容机构应当使用正规、合规的药品、器械，不得使用伪劣产品。

　　十、医疗美容机构、美容美发机构应当对提供的服务和产品保质保量，不虚假宣传、不诱导消费、不价格欺诈、不设定不公平格式条款，不误导、不套路、不强迫消费。

　　十一、生活美容机构不得超范围从事医疗美容服务，不得与非法渠道医美机构开展合作，进行高额返点招揽顾客。

　　十二、发布医疗美容广告应当在发布前向卫生健康行政部门申请医疗广告审查，未取得《医疗广告审查证明》，不得发布医疗广告。

　　十三、医疗美容广告不得利用患者、专业人士、专业机构的名义、形象作证明，不得宣传或承诺医疗美容效果。

　　十四、医疗美容广告不得制造“容貌焦虑”，不得将容貌不佳与“低能”“懒惰”“贫穷”等负面评价因素做关联，或者将容貌出众与“高素质”“勤奋”“成功”等积极评价因素做关联。

　　十五、医疗美容行业广告主、广告经营者、广告发布者、广告代言人以及互联网平台应当落实主体责任，严格广告内容审查，拒绝虚假违法广告。

　　十六、医疗美容机构应当自觉遵守税收相关法律，如实向消费者开具发票，据实申报，依法纳税。

　　会上，民营医疗美容机构、整形医师、生活美容机构、媒体单位、广告企业代表分别作规范经营承诺。市市场监管局、市商务委、市卫生健康委、市税务局等10部门分别进行提醒指导。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）