资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
“乙类乙管”后是否会有第二轮感染?疫情信息如何统计?总台独家专访吴尊友****** 1月8日起新冠病毒感染实施“乙类乙管”,对于疫情监测数据通报、病毒变异是否会引发新一轮感染,我国又将采取怎样的措施继续实施监控,总台央视记者独家专访中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友,他就公众关心的问题进行了解答。 总台央视记者 史迎春:大家都在担心在国际上的奥密克戎BQ系列,然后包括XBB系列的变异株,它们在我们实行“乙类乙管”,出入境打开以后,进入国内会掀起第二轮的感染,这是大家普遍担心的一个问题,您认为这个问题应该怎么看。 中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家 吴尊友:我们也对国际社会的各个国家流行的新毒株的情况进行了解追踪,那么同时对国内发生的疫情也进行了毒株变异的监测,特别是从境外回国人员当中也检测到这些毒株。会不会造成新一轮的疫情,取决于变异的毒株和我们刚刚流行的这些毒株之间,在结构上面有多大的相似性,或者说它的变异差异有多大。从目前来看,因为它的变异也是奥密克戎亚型里面的分支的变异,马上造成新一轮传播的这种风险的话,应该说不会太大。 总台央视记者 史迎春:还有一种担心是认为中国人口基数比较大,感染的人口基数也大,会不会产生新的变种,从而影响整个世界的病毒序列,或者说整个世界的病毒的进程。 中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家 吴尊友:优化防控策略以后,本地传播的疫情病例数在有一定的水平和规模的情况下,确实存在着新的变异毒株的可能性,我们也密切关注。所以在“乙类甲管”调整为“乙类乙管”的疫情监测方案当中,就专门提到了新冠病毒变异毒株的监测,在现阶段,每天都在进行新的毒株的样本收集和测序,来对它的变化进行监测。从目前的结果来看,我们现在发现的所有的毒株,都是已经在国际共享平台上分享的毒株,也就是说在国外已经报告了,或者说主要是从境外流行以后传入中国,到目前为止还没有发现国内新出现的变异毒株。 为指导全国各地做好当前新型冠状病毒感染疫情监测工作,国务院联防联控机制印发了《新型冠状病毒感染“乙类乙管”疫情监测方案》,及时动态掌握人群感染发病水平和变化趋势,科学研判和预测疫情规模、强度和流行时间,动态分析病毒株变异情况,以及对传播力、致病力、免疫逃逸能力及检测试剂敏感性的影响,为疫情防控提供技术支撑。 总台央视记者 史迎春:对于之前疫情通报的数字和自己本身的感受,很多公众觉得差距比较大。我们国家一直的疫情统计和发布的疫情信息,是如何去监测和统计报告的?现在有没有相应的调整? 中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家 吴尊友:在武汉疫情控制以后,到我们优化防控方案这期间,是叫严格管控时期。每一起疫情的源头、造成感染的毒株,几乎每一个感染者都能够被诊断管理,所以我们采取的是一个计数统计。现阶段由于防控方案的调整,报告病例数和公众感觉的数字,存在着一定的差距。造成这种差距有两个方面的原因,一个是不再实行行政区的大规模核酸检测了,除了重点机构重点人群以外,采取的方法是愿检尽检的方法,这样的话检测的人数、报告的人数就有明显的下降。第二个方面,疫情的感染者主要以轻症为主,多数人还在家庭自我休息调整、进行抗原检测,这一部分也没有纳入到传染病报告,这就造成了这样的差距。为了更好地做好统计工作,联防联控机制制定下发了新冠病毒感染“乙类乙管”疫情监测方案,采取的是多种渠道的监测,包括住院病例的报告监测、核酸抗原检测的数字统计,还有重点机构像养老福利机构的监测,再有像学校学生的呼吸道症状的监测,以及对部分病人的检测。还有我们在全国设立500多个流感哨点监测。我们采用了多种统计方法综合运用,也能够相对准确评估疫情的发生发展趋势,能够对于疫情的发病,流行的强度,流行的趋势,流行的时间做出研判,对防控效果作出评价。在过去几年,欧美国家和全球其他的国家实际上也是采取这样一个统计方法,它主要就是通过抽样的方法来反映总体情况。(央视新闻客户端) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |